WEEK 14
presentation day
during the presentation the hardware is not satisfied but the relay is working well. the driver of the motor is working but the sensor of does not detect the current over flow exceding 7 A.
Friday, 5 June 2015
WEEK 13 (FYP 2)
WEEK 13
Experiment of Trouble
shooting : Main Problem
Not all planning will be
end exactly well done. For this project, there were many of problem occurs
during the period from the start until the end. By making the investigation and
listed the problem occurs during the period.
- Wrong decision.
At the starting project, the current sensor using comparator op-amp was
chosen to sensing the current through the power windows. However in the
middle of the project, realize that the Acs756 is better to be used and
the configuration is written through the datasheet.
- H-bridge mosfet
with high current rating failure to operate due to the burn of the
transistor because of no heat sink used.
- Careless. This
problem is always face it during the period that use to finish hardware
part works. Not using any circuit protection make the circuit and relays
damage and burns due to high current and voltage spikes.
- Lack of resource.
Some of part in this project is hard to find the solution.
- The starting
current of the motor cannot be monitor due to limitation
of device or laboratory equipment that can measure the current in real
time.
Upon the completion of
the system, a test should be conducted to test the accuracy and the stability
of the system.
Conclusion
This
chapter has discussed about the result of this project and hard ware
development. In order to make this project successful, all these element have
recorded the result to make sure that it functions to make a quality process
according to need of the project objective. The real picture of hardware
development, PCB design, and assemble process are already attached. The
important stages in this chapter are trouble shooting the problems that faced.
This is because, to test the project circuit and collect the output result.
Results from circuit development will interface with program and compile it in
order to run this project smoothly.
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
This
chapter discuss about the conclusion and suggestion in the future. This project
has two major parts which is hardware description and software implementation.
Both topics were very related and important to each other and can be applied to
perform the system more effective. This chapter is very important because it
helps to overcome the problem and improve the efficiency of the project.
The
overall summary can be made for this project is the entire objective for this
project is achieved. This project is actually will make a new evolution in
furniture industrial era. For these reason, it is important to develop methods
to show a different ways of marketing to popularize their products. It will
show that electric and electronic field has a lot of criteria to impose in
engineering section.
Conclusion
The
revolution of car technology have become drastically change and widely
practiced throughout the world. The development of power windows safety system becomes
a new technology that can be commercialized in the world. Actually this project
is a new solution for user that always wanted for technologies that will ease
their concerned of safety.
Nowadays, technologies are very advance.
Majority products that produce from manufacture are in automatic mode. So
basically this project is a new way to follow up the technologies. This new
development totally can save their energy by using this project.
Recommendation
The
performance of the system is can be increases so that this system will be more
up to date and more flexible. For future works, some recommendations have been
listed in order to improve the system performance
i.
Puts the program in
engine control unit (ECU) of the car to minimize the costing to use new
Microcontroller. Almost all of the ECU of the car can be reprogram and update
the system so that is more efficient.
ii.
For the next
improvement is protecting the microcontroller from the heat is very important the
microcontroller should be able to function efficiently. Therefore, microcontroller should be protected
as well as possible to avoid microcontroller exposed to extreme temperatures
and cause damage. . It is important to make the user feel comfortable and safe.
iii.
Then, for lastly is need to improve the program
and circuit so that the power windows can goes up and down automatically with 1
input from the user.
Summary
In this final year
project the power window looking forward in improving the design so that it is
more convenient to be used and have more safety. Therefore the basic operation
to improve the power windows is connecting the power window motor to the MCU.
When the power windows is stuck by something or have more loaded then usual the
MCU directing the motor to give a chance to remove the anything that disturbs
the windows before it closed. Other than that the time to service and put a
lube to the mechanical part will make the longer life time to the motor and
overall mechanism of the power window.
This development of the
project is reviews the various type and configuration of the power windows
systems which will be then to be used to test and validate the proposed
reliability estimation method.
This project involves hardware
and software parts construction and the integration of both parts to create the
system. In the end of this project, all the document, hardware and software
development and provide a simulation model of the system.
Through overall of the
project the procedure to test the circuit is need to be listed so that the
circuit is not damage. The damage of the circuit is costing lots of money and
wasting time during troubleshoot and testing.
REFERENCES
[6] Model Based Automotive System, Design: A
Power Window Controller Case Study © Zubair Akhtar 2015
[7] J. Axelsson. Evolutionary architecting
of embedded automotive product lines: An industrial case study. In Software Architecture, 2009 European
Conference on Software Architecture. WICSA/ECSA 2009. Joint Working IEEE/IFIP
Conference on, pages 101–110, Sept 2009.
[8] Design
And Fabrication Power Window Apparatus by Ahmad Kamil Bin Miskam Faculty Of
Mechanical Engineering University Malaysia Pahang November 2007
[9] http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-7805EN.pdf
WEEK 12 (FYP 2)
ANALYSIS AND RESULT
Introduction
This
chapter discusses on the result, analysis and problem that are encountered
throughout the completion of designing this project after fabrication hardware.
Upon the completion of the appropriate software and hardware implementation,
the car starter system operation should be tested to ensure the stability and
accuracy of operating process is running smoothly. Several tests had been done
and the result showed the mailing system achieved the stability and accuracy as
desired.
Experiment
and analysis the current demand for the motor
Each motor have high starting current to drive and need a
high torque to rotate the motor therefore the motor will need high current at
the starting of the motor compare to the nominal current of the motor. Due to
this situation its need to be analyze the starting current of the motor using
real time measurement that can record very precise about the current of the
motor.
In this
final year project the experiment cannot be Cary out at the British Malaysian Institute
(BMI) due to limitation of device or laboratory equipment that can measure the
current in real time. Therefore there is another method that is by make a
research in internet and found that someone already make a research of the
power windows motor through that is can be summarize and that there have high
starting of armature current of the DC motor and the value is not constant up
to 15A, and its happened less than 1m second. Figure below shows the starting
high armature current of the DC motor when it begin start to rotate.
Therefore
its need to considered the starting current of the motor to make a program for
the safety system of the power windows
Motor Driver.
In
this final year project there is two approaching method to make the motor
driver of the motor that control the rotation clockwise and anti-clockwise of
rotation of the power windows motor. The motor driver that been used to control
the motor is using:
1. H-bridge
Mosfet with high current rating
2. Relay
with high ampere (10A).
H-Bridge Mosfet with High Current Rating
Figure shows all the circuit is
combined into one circuit which is power supply circuit, relay circuit, and
microcontroller circuit. The circuit consist of two fuse which is to protect
the relay and microcontroller circuit. Rating for fuse microcontroller circuit
is 1A and for the relay circuit rating is 7.5A.
16x2 display is used to monitor the current and to calibrate the sensor
through programing. The result for overall circuit is unsatisfied due to not
adding the fuse through the circuit at beginning of the
testing make the microcontroller circuit is not working as predicted but the
relay circuits is working well.
Figure above show the configuration of the
H-bridge. The connection of the transistor is connected in shape like H and its
can control forward and reverse of DC motor, other than that its can converting
direct current Dc signal to alternating current AC, but in this project is to
control the movement of the motor either in clockwise or anticlockwise. The motor
that is used for this project is power windows motor that consumes current
until 32A if the motor is stall referenced to the power windows motor
specification. MOSFET transistor used is P-Channel IRF9540N at the top and
N-Channel IRFZ44N on the bottom. IRF9540 has the ability to skip a current of
23A and 40A of IRFZ44N with a maximum voltage of 24V, therefore it is suitable
to use in this project.
The working principle of this H-bridge
configuration is by allowing the current trough Q2 and Q4 at the same time Q1
and Q3 block the current make the motor turns clockwise. It is same to make the
motor to turn in anticlockwise is by allowing current through Q1 and Q3 and at
the same time Q2 and Q4 block the current. The resistor R1 and R4 is used to
limit the current flow and it is set to 10kΩ, the higher the resistance value
the small the value of the current flow in through.
Optocoupler is used in this circuit as a
safety component that transfer electrical signal between two isolated circuit
by using light signal, it is maintains the connection between two devises or
component without any direct conduction. Refer to the figure 4.2, U2 and U3 is
an optocoupler for the simulation but the real devise use other type of
optocoupler because the limitation component library of proteus. The
optocoupler that is used in the hardware is PC817 and have same function of the
simulation software.
Result for H-bridge circuit is unsatisfied
because the bottom transistor that referred to figure above with mark with red
circle that is N-Channel IRFZ44N (Q1 & Q4) is becoming very hot during the
operation of the system. After a few try the transistor of IRFZ44N is damage
because there is no current protection to the circuit.
Therefore to improve the circuit is need to
add heat sink to transfer the heat to ambient and adding capacitor to filter
the current so that there is no spark and reduced arced when switching the
transistor off and on. For extra protection is need a fuse to limit the current
moreover its can protect the circuit from being damage.
4.3.2 Relay with
High Ampere (10A)
The relay
also can be used to be the motor driver. Because of the H-bridge configuration
becoming hot during operation this relay is design to substitute of the
H-bridge motor driver and the design was improve with present of capacitor and
fuse to protect the circuit from being damage. Capacitor rating with bigger
than 10k µF is used to stop voltage spikes and between 10nF to 100nF is used to
absorbed high frequency surges.
Figure above show there is two relay to control forward and reverse of the motor which
is single pole double trough. Relay 1 is connected with normally open
connection and relay 2 is connected with normally close connection.
The working principle for the relay
operation to control forward and reverse of the motor is when the switch up is
press the motor can move in forward direction because it’s get the close loop
supply to the motor directing the motor to forward. For the reverse function,
when the switch down is press both relay will triggered and is will cut off the
forward supply and reverse the polarity of the motor and will make the motor
moving reverse direction. The optocoupler is used in this relay configuration
which is connected to the microcontroller.
The working principle of the optocoupler is when get signal from the microcontroller
is its will directing the motor reverse direction same function as the switch
down is press by user. The function of the opt coupler also as a protection of
the microcontroller from being directly connected to the motor driver. For the
optocoupler at the hardware PC817 is used refer to figure 4.5 below. This
configuration of the relay is more stable compare to the H-bridge configuration
therefore using relay is suitable to be used as a motor driver for this
project. The result for this relay configuration is satisfactory.
Figure abpve show the optocoupler PC817 that is being used for interconnection between
microcontroller and motor driver. This optocoupler is a protection to avoid
high current from motor driver to the microcontroller that can damage the
microcontroller itself. Pin no 1 and no to is connected to microcontroller to
give a signal to the motor driver and pin no 3 and for is connected to the motor
driver to allow or block the current flow.
The diode D4 and D1 is used as
protection if the one of the relay failure to working simultaneously, so that
only one direction of current is allowed to flow through the relay.
Result for experimenting
relay circuit.
During
the first testing of the relay there is no protection to the relay which damage
the relay and the circuit due to voltage spikes and high current. Referring to
figure 4.6 relay at the left is normal relay and relay at the right is the
damage relay. The wire inside the relay is burn and make the relay totally
damage.
Figure
above show the damage relay due to no protection to the relay and circuit. Therefore
to protect the relay it’s must to add capacitor rating with bigger than 10k µF
to stop voltage spikes and between 10nF to 100nF to absorbed high frequency
surges. To protect the circuit and relay due to high current the fuse is need
to be add on to limit the current flow through the relay and the circuit. The
fuse will cut off the circuit when there is high current flowing through the
circuit is make the circuit safer and only the fuse is need to be replace when
is blow off. Through the experiment there is many fuse already blow off because
of the high current flowing through the circuit when the power windows of the
motor stall due to heavy weight or struck.
result of combined circuit
WEEK 11 (FYP 2)
WEEK 11
Burning the Hex File to the
Microcontroller.
To
burn the microcontroller its need to used 8051 Mini Kit-board and software
ProgIsp. Below is the simple step to burn the microcontroller IC.
Step to burn Atmel AT89S52
1. Install
the driver for the 8051 Mini Kit-board so that the computer can recognize the
hardware.
2. Run
ProgIsp
3. Insert
the Atmel AT89S52 into the 40 pin slot, and lock at the kit.
4. Click
erase button to erase the older hex file
5. Load
flesh by selecting the hex file that need to be burn.
6. Press
auto to start the burning process.
Figure show 8051 Mini Kit-board model
AD-MCSZ V.1 that is used to burn the program inside the microcontroller.
show the interfaced software that being used
as a program that is called ProgIsp.
WEEK 10 (FYP 2)
WEEK 10
Developing Programming to Suit The Hardware Configuration
Figure above show the operation of the
whole system. The program for the microcontroller must be configure and
referred to this block diagram. When the switch up is press the microcontroller
will allow the windows go up only when the current is below 7 ampere. Above 7
ampere current the microcontroller will give signal to the motor driver so that
the windows sliding down a little bit.
Developing program
for the MCU using Keil uVision5
Figure shows the program is
constructed using C language and the program is attached at below. the
program is need to be read the current sensor output from analog digital
converter ADC and if the current of the sensor is read 7A and above the motor
drive is need to change direction of the motor so that the power windows is not
continue going up.
//main POGRAM
#include <reg52.h>
#include "stdio.h"
#include "delays.c"
#include
"usart_header.c"
#include
"lcd4bitdriver.c"
#include
"adc0804driver.c"
sbit LED0 = P0^0;
//const unsigned char
d[]=(" Voltage ");
const unsigned char
d[]=("Voltage");
char buf[20];
signed int val;
void main(void)
{
char i,j,k;
unsigned int Vdig,Vdig_smlm,
loop ;
float Vana;
init_ADC0804();
init_usartBR9600();
Initialize_LCD();
printf("\n\r OK
PASS");
lcd_gotoxy(1,0);
puts_lcd("current");
delay_1ms(100);
while(1){
Vdig = ADC_read();
Vana = (float)Vdig*0.019608;
printf("\n\r%u :
%1.2f",Vdig, Vana);
if(Vdig!=Vdig_smlm){
sprintf(buf,"%u :
%1.2f",Vdig,Vana);
lcd_gotoxy(2,1);
puts_lcd(" ");
lcd_gotoxy(2,1);
puts_lcd(buf);
Vdig_smlm=Vdig;
}
if(Vana/0.040>7)
LED0=0;
if(Vana/0.040<6.5)
LED0=1;
}
}
*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
REG52.H
Header file for generic 80C52
and 80C32 microcontroller.
Copyright (c) 1988-2002 Keil
Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __REG52_H__
#define __REG52_H__
/* BYTE Registers */
sfr P0 = 0x80;
sfr P1 = 0x90;
sfr P2 = 0xA0;
sfr P3 = 0xB0;
sfr PSW = 0xD0;
sfr ACC = 0xE0;
sfr B = 0xF0;
sfr SP = 0x81;
sfr DPL = 0x82;
sfr DPH = 0x83;
sfr PCON = 0x87;
sfr TCON = 0x88;
sfr TMOD = 0x89;
sfr TL0 = 0x8A;
sfr TL1 = 0x8B;
sfr TH0 = 0x8C;
sfr TH1 = 0x8D;
sfr IE = 0xA8;
sfr IP = 0xB8;
sfr SCON = 0x98;
sfr SBUF = 0x99;
/* 8052 Extensions */
sfr T2CON = 0xC8;
sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA;
sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB;
sfr TL2 = 0xCC;
sfr TH2 = 0xCD;
/* BIT Registers
*/
/* PSW */
sbit CY = PSW^7;
sbit AC = PSW^6;
sbit F0 = PSW^5;
sbit RS1 = PSW^4;
sbit RS0 = PSW^3;
sbit OV = PSW^2;
sbit P = PSW^0; //8052 only
/* TCON
*/
sbit TF1 = TCON^7;
sbit TR1 = TCON^6;
sbit TF0 = TCON^5;
sbit TR0 = TCON^4;
sbit IE1 = TCON^3;
sbit IT1 = TCON^2;
sbit IE0 = TCON^1;
sbit IT0 = TCON^0;
/* IE */
sbit EA = IE^7;
sbit ET2 = IE^5; //8052 only
sbit ES = IE^4;
sbit ET1 = IE^3;
sbit EX1 = IE^2;
sbit ET0 = IE^1;
sbit EX0 = IE^0;
/* IP */
sbit PT2 = IP^5;
sbit PS = IP^4;
sbit PT1 = IP^3;
sbit PX1 = IP^2;
sbit PT0 = IP^1;
sbit PX0 = IP^0;
/* P3 */
sbit RD = P3^7;
sbit WR = P3^6;
sbit T1 = P3^5;
sbit T0 = P3^4;
sbit INT1 = P3^3;
sbit INT0 = P3^2;
sbit TXD = P3^1;
sbit RXD = P3^0;
/* SCON
*/
sbit SM0 = SCON^7;
sbit SM1 = SCON^6;
sbit SM2 = SCON^5;
sbit REN = SCON^4;
sbit TB8 = SCON^3;
sbit RB8 = SCON^2;
sbit TI = SCON^1;
sbit RI = SCON^0;
/* P1 */
sbit T2EX = P1^1; // 8052 only
sbit T2 = P1^0; // 8052 only
/* T2CON
*/
sbit TF2 = T2CON^7;
sbit EXF2 = T2CON^6;
sbit RCLK = T2CON^5;
sbit TCLK = T2CON^4;
sbit EXEN2 = T2CON^3;
sbit TR2 = T2CON^2;
sbit C_T2 = T2CON^1;
sbit CP_RL2 = T2CON^0;
#endif
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
STDIO.H
Prototypes for standard I/O
functions.
Copyright (c) 1988-2002 Keil
Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __STDIO_H__
#define __STDIO_H__
#ifndef EOF
#define EOF -1
#endif
#ifndef NULL
#define NULL ((void *) 0)
#endif
#ifndef _SIZE_T
#define _SIZE_T
typedef unsigned int size_t;
#endif
#pragma SAVE
#pragma REGPARMS
extern char _getkey (void);
extern char getchar (void);
extern char ungetchar (char);
extern char putchar (char);
extern int printf (const char *, ...);
extern int sprintf (char *, const char *, ...);
extern int vprintf (const char *, char *);
extern int vsprintf (char *,
const char *, char *);
extern char *gets (char *,
int n);
extern int scanf (const char
*, ...);
extern int sscanf (char *,
const char *, ...);
extern int puts (const char
*);
#pragma RESTORE
#endif
/*
Please put
#include
"usart_header.c"
on top of main file.
Call init_usart(); once in
your code
Please take notes
USART in MODE1 Fosc = 11.0592
MHz
MODE = 1;
TIMER1 in MODE 2 (Auto
reload)
*/
#include <stdio.h>
/*
Call this function once in
the main file to work at 2400 b/s
*/
void init_usartBR2400(void){
PCON = 0x00;
SCON = 0x50; /* SCON: mode 1, 8-bit UART,
enable rcvr */
TMOD |= 0x20; /* TMOD: timer 1, mode 2,
8-bit reload */
TH1 = 244; /* TH1=244 reload value for 2400 baud */
TR1 = 1; /* TR1:
timer 1 run
*/
TI = 1;
}
/*
Call this function once in
the main file to work at 4800 b/s
*/
void init_usartBR4800(void){
PCON = 0x00;
SCON = 0x50; /* SCON: mode 1, 8-bit UART,
enable rcvr */
TMOD |= 0x20; /* TMOD: timer 1, mode 2,
8-bit reload */
TH1 = 250; /* TH1=250 reload value for 4800 baud */
TR1 = 1; /* TR1: timer 1 run */
TI = 1;
}
/*
Call this function once in
the main file to work at 9600 b/s
*/
void init_usartBR9600(void){
PCON = 0x00;
SCON = 0x50; /* SCON: mode 1, 8-bit UART,
enable rcvr */
TMOD |= 0x20; /* TMOD: timer 1, mode 2,
8-bit reload */
TH1 = 253; /* TH1=253 reload value for 9600 baud */
TR1 = 1; /* TR1: timer 1 run */
TI = 1;
}
Filename : lcd4bitdriver.c
Auhor : ISA
Date : 28/11/2013
Dependency : delays.c
Please put
#include
"lcd4bitdriver.c"
on top of main file.
2 x 16 LCD Driver - 4 bit interfacing as details
below.
The connection of control
lines and data should be as below
EN - P1.0
RS - P1.1
RW - P1.2
D4/D7 - P1.4/P1.7
This free codes are provided
as is without any guarantees or warranties.
Although the author has
attempted to find and correct any bugs in the codes, the author is not
responsible for any damage or
losses of any kind caused by the use or misuse of the codes.
The author is under no
obligation to provide support, service, corrections,
or upgrades to the programs.
Please email to
i.adam.mlk@gmail for any comments and visit my blogspots
(http://maelnotesonmicrocontrollerinterfacing.blogspot.com)
for any updates
*/
#include <reg52.h>
//LCD lines
#define D_LCD P2
sbit EN = D_LCD^0;
sbit RW = D_LCD^1;
sbit RS = D_LCD^2;
void Delay_uS(unsigned int
x);
unsigned char ADC_read(void);
const unsigned char
set_lcd_4bit[7]={0x20, 0x20, 0x80, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x60};
void EN2HIGH(void);
void EN2LOW(void);
unsigned char
check_busy(void);
char read_data(void);
void send_control(char x,
char i);
void send_data(char x);
void Initialize_LCD(void);
void puts_lcd(char *pointer);
void lcd_gotoxy(char
line_number,char position);
/*
This function allows the
string to be displayed on LCD
example 1:
puts_lcd("saya");
puts_lcd(arr1);
puts_lcd(arr2);
*/
void puts_lcd(char *pointer){
while(*pointer) //
print till null encountered
send_data(*pointer++);
}
/*
This function directs the
cursor to Y and X of LCD.
Note:
Line_number is 1/2 correspond to upper or
lower ROW
Position is 0-15 correspond to column 0-15
example:
lcd_gotoxy(2,1);
result:
cursor will be placed
at ROW 2, COLUMN 1
*/
void lcd_gotoxy(char
line_number,char position){
char a;
if(line_number==1)
a=0x80+position;
else if(line_number==2)
a=0xC0+position;
send_control(a,2);
}
/*
This function returns status of
busy flag.
returns:
0
Not busy
1
Busy
example:
while(check_busy());
result:
the statement true if
LCD is in its busy state
*/
unsigned char
check_busy(void){
RS
= 0; // Logic ‘0’
RW = 1; //
Logic ‘1’
D_LCD|=0xf0; //
Set data line as input
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
if(D_LCD&0x80){
EN2LOW();
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
D_LCD&=0x0f; // Set data line as output
return 1;
}
else{
EN2LOW();
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
D_LCD&=0x0f; // Set data line as output
return 0;
}
}
/*
This function returns data
from CGRAM/DDRAM to controller
example:
x = read_data();
result:
x contains CGRAM/DDRAM data
*/
char read_data(void){
char x;
while(check_busy());
D_LCD|=0xf0; // Set
data line as input
RS = 1; //
Logic ‘1’
RW = 1; //
Logic ‘1’
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
x = D_LCD;
EN2LOW();
EN2HIGH();
x |= D_LCD>>4;
EN2LOW();
D_LCD&=0x0f;
// Set data line as output
return x;
}
/*
This function sends control
to LCD
example 1:
send_control(x,2);
result:
both nibble of
x will be sent to LCD
example 2:
send_control(x,1);
result:
only lower
nibble of x will be sent to LCD
*/
void send_control(char x,
char i){
while(check_busy());
D_LCD&=0x0f;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
switch(i){
case 2:
D_LCD&=0x0f; // clear previous data
D_LCD |= x&0xf0;
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
case 1:
D_LCD&=0x0f;
D_LCD |= x<<4;
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/*
This function sends data to
LCD
example:
send_data(x);
result:
x will be sent to LCD
*/
void send_data(char x){
while(check_busy());
D_LCD&=0x0f;
// Set data line as output
RS
= 1; // Logic ‘0’
RW = 0; //
Logic ‘0’
D_LCD&=0x0f; // clear previous data
D_LCD |= x&0xf0;
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
D_LCD&=0x0f; // clear previous data
D_LCD |= x<<4;
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
}
/*
This function initialize the
LCD in 4-bit
void Initialize_LCD(void){
unsigned char i;
D_LCD = 0x00;
delay_0dot1ms(180); // more than 15 ms @ 12MHz
for(i=0; i<3; i++){
D_LCD &= 0x0f; //
clear previous data
D_LCD |= 0x30;
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
delay_1ms(5);
}
send_control(0x02,1);
send_control(0x28,2); // function
set
send_control(0x0e,2); // display
ON/OFF
send_control(0x06,2); // Entry
mode set
}
*/
/*
This function initialize the
LCD in 4-bit
must be called once in the
main program
*/
void Initialize_LCD(void){
char i;
D_LCD = 0x00; //
Set data line as output
delay_0dot1ms(152);
//
20ms @ 16MHz
for(i=0; i<7; i++){
D_LCD&=0x0f; //
clear previous data
D_LCD |= set_lcd_4bit[i];
delay_0dot1ms(1);
EN2HIGH();
EN2LOW();
}
}
void EN2HIGH(void){
EN=1;
delay_0dot1ms(1);
}
void EN2LOW(void){
EN=0;
delay_0dot1ms(1);
}
/*
Filename : adc0804driver.c
Auhor : ISA
Date : 28/11/2013
ADC0804 Driver as details
below.
The connection of control
lines and data should be as below
EOC - P3.4
CS - P3.5
WR - P3.6
RD - P3.7
D0/D7 - P1.0/P1.7
Please put
#include
"adc0804driver.c"
on top of main file.
Call init_ADC0804(); once in
your code
This free codes are provided
as is without any guarantees or warranties.
Although the author has
attempted to find and correct any bugs in the codes, the author is not
responsible for any damage or
losses of any kind caused by the use or misuse of the codes.
The author is under no
obligation to provide support, service, corrections,
or upgrades to the programs.
Please email to
i.adam.mlk@gmail for any comments and visit my blogspots
(http://maelnotesonmicrocontrollerinterfacing.blogspot.com)
for any updates
*/
#define D_ADC P1
#define C_ADC P3
sbit EOC = C_ADC^4;
sbit CS = C_ADC^5;
sbit WRS = C_ADC^6;
sbit RDS = C_ADC^7;
void init_ADC0804(void);
unsigned char ADC_read(void);
void init_ADC0804(void){
D_ADC = 0xFF;
// Set the port to 'read mode'
EOC=1;
}
/*
unsigned char ADC_read(void)
Returns 8-bit data from ADC
example:
i=ADC_read();
*/
unsigned char ADC_read(void){
unsigned char x;
CS=0;delay_10us(1); //
select ADC
WRS=0;
WRS=1; delay_10us(1);
CS=1;
while(EOC); // wait till end of conversion
CS=0;delay_10us(1);
RDS=0;delay_10us(1);
x=D_ADC; //
read data
RDS=1;
CS=1;
return x;
}
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